In Python, operators are special symbols that perform operations on variables and values. The operators may perform the operations only on a specific data type. For example, we cannot find the square root of a string. Knowledge of these operators forms the building blocks of all programs. These operators include:
1. Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators perform mathematical operations. They include:
Operator Name Example Result
+ Addition 5 + 4 9
- Subtraction 5 - 3 2
* Multiplication 5 * 4 20
/ Division 5 / 2 2.5 (Will always return a float)
% Modulus 5 % 3 2
** Exponentiation 5 ** 2 25
// Floor Division 5 // 2 2 (Unlike a the modulus, floor division truncates the decimal part)
2. The Assignment Operators
The assignment operator assigns values to variables.
Operator Example Same as
= x = 5 x = 5
+= x += 4 x = x + 4
-= x -= 2 x = x - 2
*= x *= 5 x = x * 5
/= x /= 2 x = x / 2
**= x **= 5 x = x ** 5
//= x //= 4 x = x // 4
%= x %= 4 x = x % 4
3. Comparison Operators
Comparison operators compare two values and return a Boolean result.
Operator Name Example Result
== Equal to 10 == 5 False
!= Not equal to 5 != 4 True
> Greater than 5 > 5 False
< Less than 10 < 3 False
<= Less than or equal to 4 <= 3 False
>= Greater than or equal to 2 >= 2 True
4. Logical Operators
Logical operators combine conditional statements.
Operator Description Example
and Returns True if both statements are true. x > 3 and x < 10
or Returns True if at least one statement is true. x > 3 or x < 1
not Reverses the result; returns False if the result is true. not(x > 3 and x < 10)
5. Identity Operators
These are used to compare the memory locations.
Operator Description Example
is Returns True if both variables point to the same object. x is y
is not Returns True if both variables do not point to the same object. x is not y
Note:
If
a = ["John", "Joan"]
b = ["Joan", "John"]
c = a
c is a reference to the same object as a
a and b are different objects in memory
a is equal b, because they have the same content
6. Membership Operators
These are test if a sequence contains a specific value.
Operator Description Example Result
in Returns True if a value is found in the sequence. 'a' in 'Joan' True
not in Returns True if a value is not found in the sequence. 'z' not in 'John' True
7. Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators operate on numbers bit by bit.
Operator Name Example
& AND a & b
` ` OR
^ XOR a ^ b
~ NOT ~a
<< Left Shift a << 2
>> Right Shift a >> 2
End of Module Quiz
End of module quiz
1. What is the output of the Python snippet?
`x = 20
y = 22.5
z = '20'
result = x + y + float(z)
print(result)`
A. TypeError
B. 42.5
C. 62
D. 62.5
Hint: Take note of the float
2. What is the data type of the variable `is_active` after running the following code?
x = 10
y = 500
score = (x > y)
A. True
B. String
C. False
D. Boolean
Hint: Comparison operator
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